Consider the multilevel selection model shown below. Start with a population of 12 free-living cells (6 that cooperate and 6 that defect/are selfish) The cooperative cells are light pink and the selfish cells are purple. Groups of cells form at random and the cells in those groups reproduce. How many offspring each cell has (its fitness) is determined by its strategy and the strategies of the other cells in its group. The groups then break up, and the population is made up of 28 cells that cooperate and 14 cells that defect/are selfish. Answer the following questions.
Consider a group with two defectors and one cooperator. Within that group, does a cooperating cell have higher fitness, or does a defecting cell have higher fitness? If the four types of groups compete, which group will out-compete the others (i.e. which group will has the highest fitness) ?

a) A defecting cell has higher fitness
b) A cooperating cell has higher fitness
c) All defectors
d) Two defectors, one cooperator
e) Two cooperators, one defector
f) All cooperators