Which of the following are correct regarding the pharmacology of substance abuse disorders other than alcohol and nicotine?
a. Physicians, nurses, and pharmacists, as a group, abuse opioids to a greater extent than all other groups with similar educational backgrounds.
b. Heroin has a high lipid solubility, crosses the blood-brain barrier with ease, and causes effects that are both immediate and intense
c. In an effort to reduce OxyContin abuse, the controlled-release tablets were reformulated in 2010
d. Opioid use disorder (OUD) is encountered in all segments of society and often begins with recreational use or in the context of pain management in a medical setting.