Two parents are charged with battery when their child is taken to the hospital after the school nurse notices evidence of several poorly-healed broken bones. the evidence eventually indicates that the mother would twist the child’s limbs when the child misbehaved in the presence of the father, who refused to stop the mother or take the child to a doctor. for the battery charge, what category does the father fall into in this scenario?
a. principal in the first degree
b. principal in the second degree
c. accessory before the fact
d. accomplice to the charge