What was shock therapy?

a) a series of proposed economic reforms that would convert postcommunist countries rapidly over to a free market system
b) a process whereby the United States and its allies would try to liberate countries in Eastern Europe from the Soviet Union
c) a Chinese approach to collectivizing agriculture that promised more equitable food distribution but led to massive starvation
d) a communist system of large-scale, rapid industrial development to help the Soviet Union catch up to the industrial strength of the West