A small e-commerce startup that initially operated with a flat organizational structure may need to restructure as it expands its operations and product offerings. The company may introduce departmentalization, such as separate teams for marketing, operations, and customer service, each with their own managers. When might changes to an organizational structure be necessary?
a. When the firm's performance indicates a need for change
b. When the firm wants to maintain the status quo
c. When stakeholders demand it
d. When there are economic downturns