Charlie is a 2½-year-old boy with a history of asthma and allergies. He is on several maintenance medications. His parents rush him to the emergency department because of increased lethargy, high fever, edema, and foamy urine. His laboratory results reveal proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, and hyperlipidemia. Charlie is prescribed calcium and vitamin D supplements to prevent_ .
Answers:
A. fluid retention
B. rickets
C. osteopenia
D. renal failure