How are graphene - fabricated nanomaterials utilized in water treatment within civil engineering?

A) Graphene - based nanomaterials are primarily employed in civil engineering for the construction of underwater aqueducts to transport treated water.
B) Graphene - fabricated nanomaterials are crucial for civil engineering projects involving the restoration of contaminated groundwater sources.
C) Graphene - based nanomaterials are predominantly used in civil engineering for the development of self - cleaning water filtration systems.
D) Graphene - fabricated nanomaterials play a significant role in civil engineering by improving the efficiency of ultraviolet disinfection processes in water treatment plants.