In qualitative research, trustworthiness is a concept that encompasses several dimensions, which include credibility, dependability, confirmability and transferability [10].
We briefly define these dimensions (quantitative parallels provided in parentheses). Credibility (internal validity), is concerned with how congruent the findings are with reality [18].
Approaches to enhance credibility include: prolonged engagement, triangulation, saturation, rapport building, iterative questioning, member checking, inclusive coding approach where all themes are coded iteratively rather than reduced to fit predetermined criteria and reflexivity [10, 19, 20].
Dependability (reliability) is the degree to which a study can be replicated, and whether, when there is more than one observer, members of the research team agree about what they see and hear [10, 21].
Confirmability (objectivity) is neutrality of researcher in interpreting findings [22]; findings being free from bias, including social-desirability bias, which can be inherent since researchers design and execute tools. Maintaining reflexivity is key to managing such bias. Reflexivity is the consideration and acknowledgment of how one's beliefs and experiences can influence the research process, including participant responses and how data are collected, interpreted, analysed and presented [10].
However, regardless of reflexivity involved, biases cannot be completely ruled out.

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