Highlight words that convey the author's viewpoint.

The U.S. recognized that the best intelligence was firsthand intelligence, like that gathered through decrypted messages. Intercepted messages provided information that was not colored by the spy who gathered it. Having no success planting a spy in East Berlin, U.S. intelligence was at a loss about how to penetrate the Soviet sector of the city.

–The Dark Game,
Paul Janeczko

Which statement best describes the viewpoint the author expresses about intelligence?

Firsthand intelligence is more effective than secondhand intelligence.
It was not necessary to gather firsthand intelligence from East Berlin.
Firsthand intelligence is intelligence taken from decrypted, or decoded, messages.
The US had not been able to plant a spy in East Berlin to gain intelligence.