The taxable income referred to in the calculations of deductions by the employee a. is the taxable income after the deduction of allowable donations b. includes retirement lump sums and severance benefits c. excludes retirement lump sums and severance benefits and is the taxable income before the deduction of qualifying retirement fund contributions, qualifying foreign tax credits and allowable donations d. is the taxable income after the deduction of qualifying retirement fund contributions and qualifying foreign tax credits and allowable donations​