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W.E.B Du Bois was a civil rights advocate who wanted to promote the rights of African Americans. He helped create the
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
(NAACP) to bring together white and black reformers. The
NAACP fought for the rights of African Americans and helped fight
discrimination in the Supreme Court. Du Bois helped
bring together Harlem Renaissance writers like Langston Hughes and
Jean Toomer, to write against inequality. Walter F.
White continued the fight for rights and helped
lead to the eventual overruling of "separate but equal" in the Plessy v.
Ferguson hearing.
For example, Marcus Garvey was a Jamaican immigrant. His parents were slaves, and he was against integrating (uniting)
black and white members of society. Garvey wanted
black Americans to take pride in their African heritage, and
organized the Universal Negro Improvement Association
(UNIA). The goal of this organization was to return to
Africa in
the "Back to Africa" movement. Garvey did not believe black
Americans should want acceptance by whites. Instead, he
felt black Americans could have their own opportunities
in Africa, and over 500,000 people joined the UNIA. Garvey's
plans ended in 1925 when it turned out he was using mail
to defraud investors, and he was deported to Jamaica in 1927.
ASSOCIATION FOR THE
NCEMENT OF
NAACP
1909
COLORED PEO
Marcus Garvey and the "Back to
Africa Movement"
Explain the perspectives that existed toward rights for African Americans in the early 1900s.
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