The water treatment that is the most current and best available through research, even though it may not be the treatment used most frequently, is called "cutting-edge" or "state-of-the-art" treatment. This term denotes the latest advancements and innovations in water treatment technology, which may offer superior performance, efficiency, or environmental sustainability compared to conventional treatment methods. Cutting-edge treatments often result from ongoing research and development efforts aimed at addressing emerging challenges in water quality management and ensuring access to safe and clean drinking water.