1. Where did many immigrants come from in the period from 1870 to 1920? Why were they coming to America?

2. Describe at least three problems that arose in the growing cities. Explain the cause and effect of each problem you identify.

3. What role did political machines play in cities? Was this positive, negative, or both? Explain.

4. What led to the call for civil service reform? What were the effects of civil service reform?

5. Compare the civil reform of the 1800s to social reform today.