"What harm have we suffered? The only harm I know of that
the United States has suffered from foreign immigration has
come not because we have failed to close our doors in the face
of all foreign nations, but because we have not been
discriminating enough and careful enough as to whom we
admitted.
"But because we have not been brave enough is no reason why
we should now shut the door entirely, for that is what the bill in
effect is intended to do. Admission ought to be a matter of
selection and the selection ought to be made on the other side
of the water and not here at our ports. If we have failed to take
proper precautions in the past we ought to take them now and
not resort to this method of practically total exclusion."
-Source: Senator James A. Reed, Congressional Record, May 3,
1921
Which of the following groups of people would have been most likely to
oppose the author's views in the excerpt?