While studying for a test you begin to hear the annoying sound of your neighbors stereo blasting through your open window. The loud music is distracting and unpleasant. You get up and close the window. As a result, the music is no longer a distraction and you continue studying undisturbed. In this example, the behavior of closing the window was reinforced through
a) escape conditioning
b) avoidance conditioning
c) vicarious conditioning
d)a conditioned stimulus