In Milgram’s "Obedience" experiments, the subjects who dealt out electrical shocks were ____________.

A. physically forced to do so by the experimenter
B. told that their families would be harmed if they did not follow the experimenter’s commands
C. taking sadistic pleasure in the pain they were inflicting on the "learner"
D. told at the outset that the shocks would be fake
E. not under any sort of threat at all