What is the significance of theoretical frameworks in chemical engineering, and how do they shape the discipline's advancement? By integrating principles from chemistry, physics, and mathematics, these frameworks provide a fundamental understanding of molecular interactions, reaction kinetics, and transport phenomena. They guide the design of processes for chemical synthesis, separation, and purification, enabling the development of efficient and sustainable industrial solutions. Through continual refinement and application, theoretical bases empower chemical engineers to innovate in areas such as pharmaceuticals, materials, and energy production, addressing global challenges.