"Eisenhower said, 'Congress has absolutely no right to ask (White House staff) to testify in any way, shape, or form about the advice that they were giving to me at any time on any subject... The key sentence [of Eisenhower's May 18 order] read, 'It is not in the public interest that any of their [employees of the Executive Branch] conversations or communications, or any document or reproductions, concerning such advice be disclosed [made public]. This was the most sweeping assertion [claim] of executive privilege ever uttered." - Stephen E. Ambrose, Nixon: The Education of a Politician, 1913-1962, 1988.
Which of the following best describes the problem with Eisenhower's claim?
a) It violates the principle of checks and balances.
b) It contradicts the right to freedom of information.
c) It undermines the transparency of government actions.
d) It grants excessive power to the Executive Branch.