French traveler and intellectual Alexis de Tocqueville famously came to America to study its prisons and came away with a wealth of broader observations which he published in his "Democracy in America" (1835). Read the excerpt and summary of de Tocqueville as well as Johnson's take on Longfellow, Poe, and Hawthorne's cultural legacy, and then answer the following questions

a. What main cultural and social changes developed in America in this period, according to these intellectuals?