The nurse teaches the client about the incentive spirometer. Which observation indicates the need for further teaching?
a. The client exhales with the spirometer in the mouth.
b. The client inhales with the spirometer in the mouth.
c. The client splints the incision before using the spirometer.
d. The client raises the head of the bed before using the spirometer.
e. The client's breath rate is 22 per minute while using the spirometer.
f. The client exhales and holds the breath for 2 to 3 seconds.