Background Research: Bisphenol A (BPA) is a substance that is often found in plastic; it is widely used in the packaging for food and drinks, medical devices, thermal paper, and dental materials. BPA can
contaminate food, beverage, air, and soil. It accumulates in several human tissues and organs and is potentially harmful to human health
through different molecular mechanisms. Due to its hormone-like
properties, BPA may bind to estrogen receptors, thereby affecting both body weight and tumorigenesis. BPA may also
affect
metabolism
and cancer progression, by interacting with GPR30, and may impair
male
reproductive function, by binding to androgen receptors. Several transcription factors, including PPARY, C/EBP, Nrf2
, HOX, and HAND2, are involved in BPA action on fat and liver homeostasis, the cardiovascular
system, and cancer.
Furthermore, data obtained in human and different cell lines show that BPA interferes with thyroid hormones synthesis, secretion, and signaling. Recently, it has been shown that BPA interferes with
spermatogenesis and impairs male reproductive function. BPA exposure has been also associated with an increased
risk for hypertension and cardiovascular disease in humans and rodents, although
the
mechanisms are still unclear. Interestingly, BPA affects glucose metabolism, onset and progression of several tumors, and
immune function by binding different receptors, modulating transcription factors
, and
inducing epigenetic changes.
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