A nurse is assisting in the care of a client who has pulmonary edema and a chronic condition known as renal vascular disease. Clients with renal vascular disease have a higher risk of developing pulmonary edema due to which of the following?

A. Occurs prior to myocardial infarction (MI)
B. Decreased cardiac filling pressure
C. Buildup of fluid in the lungs
D. Chronic hypertension