While patrolling on the expressway, Officer Closs notices a vehicle driving erratically. The vehicle is traveling noticeably below the posted speed limit, at approximately 50 miles per hour in a 65 miles per hour zone. The vehicle drifts from side to side, driving over the dotted white line on the left side of the lane then on top of the solid white line on the right side of the roadway. At a stoplight at the end of the expressway, Officer Closs notices the vehicle stop about 20 feet behind the stop bar painted on the roadway. Officer Closs became concerned that the driver might be under the influence of drugs or alcohol. Based on his training and experience, Officer Closs knows that drivers who are under the influence of marijuana have altered perception of time and distance. Officer Closs initiates a traffic stop. Stephen Stoner is driving the vehicle and Hillary High is seated in the front passenger seat. Officer Closs detects the odor of marijuana coming from the vehicle and notices that Stoner’s eyes are bloodshot. Officer Closs requires Stoner and High to exit the vehicle. Officer Closs collects both individual’s identification and returns to his car to research whether they are licensed drivers and whether they are wanted. Officer Closs’s police report database contains a warning that High has assaulted police officers in the past. After researching both individuals, Officer Closs returns to speak to Stoner and High. Officer Closs notices a bulge in the back of High’s waistband. Then, Officer Closs requires both Stoner and High to submit to a frisk. Officer Closs reaches into Stoner’s jacket pockets and finds a hand-rolled cigarette consistent with a marijuana cigarette (which is illegal). Officer Closs does not recover any weapons from Stoner. Officer Closs pats down High’s outer clothing. He feels a hard object in her waistband that is consistent with a firearm, so he reaches into her waistband to remove it. Finding no legal reason why High cannot possess the firearm, Officer Closs sec