In a fear conditioning procedure, a compound stimulus consisting of a light and a beep is repeatedly paired with a shock that can support a maximum associative value of 8. According to the Rescorla - Wagner theory, if the light acquires only 1 unit of associative value, then the beep will at most acquire units of associative value, which is an example of ____.
a. 1; blocking
b. 1; the overexpectation effect
d. 7; blocking
d. 7; overshadowing