Dewaele, Petrides, and Furnham (2008) found that, in addition to personal characteristics; social circumstances also play a role in generating language anxiety. They conducted a large-scale study of multilingual adults from different countries and established that individuals who were younger when they started learning a second or third language had lower levels of FLA. Social circumstances include the availability of supportive conversational partners and L2 role models may play a role in helping language learners avoid or overcome FLA. Al-Saraj (2013) conducted case study research in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) to examine female students perception of FLA. She concluded that several teacher-related variables may be responsible for the emergence of anxiety among EFL students.
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