Which statement is NOT true about the composition of images in a photographic frame?

a. Photographers can apply different compositional schemes to organize imagery within the frame, such as the golden ratio, rule of thirds, or quadrants.
b. Whatever is not included within the frame but is somehow affecting the viewer's understanding of an image is sometimes referred to as the 'out-of-frame'.
c. Even though lenses with different focal lengths vary in the field of view, switching from a long to a wide lens, for example, will not affect the composition of an image.
d. The hard edge of the photographic frame arranges visual information in a way that is different from our 'natural' vision because our perception of our peripheral vision 'falls off' rather than is clearly demarcated.