Mental maps are which of the following?

A) Place marketing strategies which communicate a particular city image based on visual, verbal, and behavioral expression of a place, which is built into the aims, communication, values, and the general culture of the place's stakeholders and design
B) Ocejo's term for technical skills and expressions of work that communicate to consumers craftsmanship in handcrafted or artisanal products
C) Unique understandings of urban spaces that each individual develops in their own mind through their experiences moving about the metropolitan region
D) Characteristic of neighborhoods that Brown-Saracino identifies as being invoked by gentrifiers and social preservationists to describe neighborhoods with a sustained presence of long-standing residents