One of the mechanisms contributing to chronic inflammation in HIV-infected patients is_____which is enabled by damaged epithelial cell integrity resulting from _____,

a. interferon overproduction; activation of regulatory T cells
b. activation of latent HSV infection; apoptosis of neurons
c. microbial relocation; activation of CD4+ T cells
d. caspase-3 activation; activation of CD8+ T cells
e. microbial translocation; depletion of Th17 T cells