Taylor is four. She says "taked", "goed", "mouses," and "foots," instead of "took," "went," "mice," and "feet". These mistakes are evidence that she:
a) Memorizes the plural forms of individual nouns and the tense of individual verbs.
b) Makes random guesses about the structures of words.
c) Is able to remove the nonessential elements of speech to reduce the number of words per utterance.
d) Internalizes grammatical rules.
e) Uses words with sounds she is able to produce in place of those with sounds she is not yet able to produce.