Which of the following patients is at highest risk for post-operative pulmonary complications?
a) 68-year-old with COPD, heart failure, and arthritis
b) 68-year-old with heart failure, perioperative delirium, and cataracts
c) 54-year-old with COPD, a surgery lasting longer than 3 hours, and hearing impairment
d) 54-year-old with heart failure, perioperative delirium, and Parkinson's disease