Kathy Kelly, a seventh-grade teacher, notices that Joanne, a new student, appears quite ill at ease in her class. She decides to try to make her feel more comfortable, so each day when Joanne comes in, Kathy spends a few seconds with her, smiles and puts her arm around Joanne’s shoulder. After a period of time she notices that Joanne appears to feel much better when entering the classroom. Kathy’s efforts most closely related to an application of which of the following?


a. Extinction.
b. Removal punishment.
c. Classical conditioning.
d. Satiation.