An 80-year-old man complains of lower abdominal pain, The prostate-specific antigen test is elevated A needle biopsy of the prostate was invasive prostatic adenocarcinoma. Histologic grading of this patient's carcinoma is based primarily on which of the following criteria?

a. Pulmonary metastases
b. Volume of prostate involved by tumor
c. Extent of regional lymph nodes involvement
d. Capsular involvement
e. Resemblance to normal tissue of origin