In the older adult cardiac patient, how does the heart respond to any stressor?
a. A decrease in cardiac contractility can affect the response to exercise.
b. It takes longer for the heart rate to increase as a response to stressors.
c. A decreased cardiac reserve leads to a decrease in the ability to respond to a stressor.
d. Once the heart rate increases from the stressor, it takes longer for it to return to a resting rate.