Which of the following challenges did the European Union face during the 1 9 8 0 s , leading some member - states to block European Communities ( EC ) decision - making in order to get concessions?
a. France accused Britain of being too close to the United States and for preferring a free trade zone over the EC customs area approach.
b. An oil price rise engineered by the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) members spiked inflation in energy-dependent Western Europe.
c. Beset by trade deficits, the United States ended its commitment to the Bretton Woods fixed dollar/gold standard.
d. The United Kingdom complained incessantly about its budget payments, while Greece demanded more development aid.