People sometimes argue that students shouldn't take professional education courses as undergraduates, because they aren't "meaningful." Colleges of education have responded to this criticism by having undergraduate students spend time in P-12 classrooms working with teachers in the real world. According to Piaget, of the following, the best explanation for the value of having P-12 students spend time in classrooms would be that it:

a) Helps preservice make the transformation from the university classroom to the real world of teaching.
b) Provides concrete experiences for abstract concepts related to teaching and learning that teachers must understand.
c) Contributes to preservice teachers' maturation, so they are more confident when they begin their work in the real world of classrooms.
d) Provides the necessary social interaction to improve preservice teachers' communication skills.