In mathematics, which of the following statements accurately describes congruences?
- Congruences are a type of geometric transformation that preserves angle measures.
- Congruences refer to the equivalence relation in number theory where two numbers have the same remainder when divided by a modulus.
- Congruences are used to solve polynomial equations by factoring them into linear factors.
- Congruences involve the study of the areas and volumes of different geometric shapes.