Usually, a source object will not lie on the axis determined by the observer and the deflecting mass. Which of the following are probable consequences of that asymmetric arrangement?
1. In a dual-image lens effect, one image will show a time delay from the other.
2. The effective index of refraction will differ significantly from its value for on-axis sources.
3. An observed radio ring will appear thicker and brighter on one side than the other.