Which of the following factors contributed to many Americans voting strictly along party lines in the early 19th century?
- Third parties were made illegal under the Alien and Sedition Acts.
- Ballots were secret, making it easier for a person to vote along party lines.
- A culture of deference emphasized loyalty to one's political party, regardless of the candidate.
- Voting was a public affair, so people often felt pressure totvote in a particular way.