The concept of dark matter is introduced in cosmology to explain certain observational phenomena. Which of the following is NOT evidence for the existence of dark matter?
a) The rotation curves of galaxies, which do not match the visible mass distribution.
b) Gravitational lensing effects that cannot be accounted for by visible matter alone.
c) The expansion rate of the universe, which suggests a significant portion of its mass-energy content is not visible.
d)The Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) radiation patterns, which indicate the presence of additional mass not accounted for by visible matter.