"Having scouted widely in regions surrounding Zuni, Vázquez de Coronado and his commanders were convinced that the Tiguex region...was the best place to establish themselves for the winter of 1540–1541. Bitterly cold conditions, the absence of clothing and other resources expected from...supply ships, and the difficulty of provisioning such a large expedition, all conspired to create problems and animosity. Shortly afterwards, these tensions erupted into open hostility and sustained warfare. The Tiguex War lasted for more than a year and half, resulted in large numbers of casualties, and saw every Tiguex pueblo burned and damaged."


Source: Clay Mathers, archeologist, Material Encounters and Indigenous Transformations in the Early Colonial Americas, 2019


The events discussed in the excerpt led to which of the following responses?
Spanish leaders, seeking to bring peace, sent colonial families to settle the region.
Pueblo nations, driven from their villages, assimilated with nations to the east and west.
Pueblo nations continued fighting with Spanish settlers, eventually driving them from the region.
Spanish missionaries in the region focused on building diplomatic relationships with the various pueblos.