Answer :
D. Transcendentalism (boy what a tongue twister) was a movement in the early 1800's to avoid the mechanized urban society and seek nature. Waldo Emerson and Thoreau both were members.
I believe the answer is: D. Transcendentalism
The main view of transcendentalism revolve around that belief that humans are inherently good in nature and situational factor caused them to stray away into evil. This view challenge the idea that there is such thing as people that are inherently evil which proposed by majority of religions at that time.