Why doesn't cold air escape out of the top of a freezer?
The cold air cannot get out of the top of the freezer. The lid forms a seal preventing air from escaping. Furthermore, the lid and sides of a freezer is made from an insulating material. Insulators prevent heat transfer, keeping the cold inside the freezer and the warm outside.
Heat transfer in solids takes place by conduction. Describe the process of conduction in terms of particle movement.
Conduction is the method of heat transfer requiring direct contact. The molecules of solids are typically held in tight lattices where they are mostly immobile. However, when they are heated the particles become more energetic and move about more. In this higher energy state, the particles collide more frequently. As they collide, energy is transferred allowing the solid to heat more uniformly.
