Hey JDukes!
The Supreme Court decision that overturned both the Missouri Compromise and popular sovereignty is the Dred Scott vs Sanford case in 1857. After the Civil War, however, the 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments were ratified, and eventually overturned the original ruling. Today, all people born or naturalized in the US, or any of the US military bases overseas is a citizen, and therefore has the right to bring suit in a federal court!
Hope this helps!