One challenge came from the national debt. Fighting and for and gaining independence did not come cheap and the amount of debt, that the new nation faced was staggering. He was able to navigate the challenges of the role of the federal government with such raging polarities in his cabinet with the likes of Alexander Hamilton, a proponent of an intervening government, with Thomas Jefferson, an advocate of a less intrusive form of government. With challenges abroad, Washington was also facing challenge with the role of America in the new world order.