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Which disturbance would result in primary succession? A. harvesting wheat by using a combine harvester at the end of the growing season B. controlled burning to stimulate the growth of forest trees such as sequoia C. the formation of Surtsey, a volcanic island off of the southern coast of Iceland D. the effect of a large herd of elephants on the grasses and shrubs in an area



Answer :

W0lf93
The formation of Surtsey, a volcanic island off of the southern coast of Ireland. By definition, primary succession refers to when the structure of an ecosystem changes drastically in such a way that it can no longer support organisms. In this case of ecological succession, the formation of the volcanic island creates a new habitat that is unpredicted and is not influenced by any existing ecosystems.

The formation of the volcanic island (Surtsey) took place due to the disturbance in primary succession.

Further Explanation:

The primary succession species are those which arise in a new habitat that was initially unoccupied by any pre-existing community as a result of lava flow or landslide. The primary succession occurs in an area that was initially lifeless, such as barren lands or bare rocks exposed to lava or glaciers. The first colonists or inhabitants in such areas are plants or lichens. These are called pioneering species as they act upon the rocks and help in their conversion into the soil. The soil thus formed supports the growth of the grasses.  

The further modification of the soil by the grasses results in the invasion of the area by other plant species. Therefore, with each stage during primary succession, the new species modifies the soil which leads to the colonization of some of the other plant species, thus altering the habitat.Any kind of disturbances in a primary succession can result in the formation of a volcanic island, a new habitat for un predicted and existing flora and fauna. One such example is the formation of a volcanic island on the southern coast of Iceland, Surtsey.

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Answer Details:

Grade: High School

Subjects: Biology

Chapter: Ecology

Keywords:

Primary succession, pre-existing, community, invasion, landslide, flow, inhabitant, rocks, soil, colonization, flora, fauna, surtsey.

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