Answer :
Answer: C) Phosphate groups, guanine and cytosine.
DNA ( deoxyribose nucleic acid) and RNA ( ribonucleic acid) are considered as the genetic material of different organisms.
DNA contains dNTP ( deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate) as monomeric unit, whereas RNA contains NTP ( ribonucleoside triphosphate) as the monomer. The nitrogenous base, a pentose sugar and phosphate group are present in both DNA and RNA.
DNA contains the following nitrogenous bases- Adenine (A), Guanine (G), Thymine (T), and Cytosine (C), whereas RNA contains Uracil (U) in place of Thymine.
Guanine and Cytosine are the nitrogenous bases found in both DNA as well as RNA. Thus, in the given question, answer C) is correct.
The common components among RNA and DNA are cytosine, guanine, and phosphate groups.
Further Explanation:
Deoxyribonucleic acid or DNA is a stretch of nucleotides containing the genetic code which is used for the transmission of information from parents to offspring. It is present as a double helical structure in which the nucleotides are joined to each other by covalent bonds while both the strands are linked together by hydrogen bonds. A ribose or deoxyribose (sugar), a nitrogenous base, and a phosphate group together form a nucleotide. In DNA, the sugar present is deoxyribose and the four nitrogenous bases are guanine, cytosine, thymine, and adenine. Thymine binds specifically to adenine while guanine base pairs with cytosine. The information present in the nucleotide sequence is transcribed into mRNA which is further translated into proteins.
RNA or ribonucleic acid acts as genetic material in some viruses replacing DNA. It functions in cellular processes for protein synthesis. RNA is composed of nucleotides containing ribose sugar which are attached together by phosphodiester bonds. It contains similar bases as in DNA except for thymine which is replaced by uracil. The ribose sugar consists of hydroxyl group at the second carbon whereas such group is absent in the deoxyribose sugar.
While DNA is a double-stranded structure, RNA is mostly single-stranded. RNA is unstable in alkaline conditions whereas, DNA is stable. In RNA, uracil binds with adenine whereas in DNA structure, adenine forms pairing with thymine. The difference between the ring structure of thymine and uracil is that uracil contains a methyl group in the ring.
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Answer Details:
Grade: High School
Subject: Biology
Chapter: Nucleic Acids
Keywords:
Nucleic acids, DNA, RNA, phosphate groups, adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine, uracil, nucleotides, nitrogenous bases, phosphodiester bond, covalent bonds, hydrogen bonds, ribose, deoxyribose, genetic code.
