A recombinant DNA is artificially constructed DNA molecule with genes of interest that would not be present in the genome otherwise. It is a combination of a vector and a gene of interest. The recombinant DNA is inserted into bacteria E. coli, which, thanks to their reproductive potential, produce multiple copies of this recombinant DNA along with the chromosomal DNA. So, the gene for insulin is inserted int bacteria where is transcribed together with bacterial genes and the great amount of insulin is produced.
Insulin is a protein which mainly controls the amount of blood glucose level. Researchers cut down the gene of insulin from a human cell and insert it into the bacterial. Then the recombinant bacteria by the translation and transcription create an insulin protein.
Further Explanation:
Recombinant DNA (rDNA) is a genetically modified piece of DNA. In this case, the gene of interest from any two organisms are recombined and transferred to the host organism, to perform some specific function.The source of rDNA is two naturally occurring organisms, so the chemical structure of both natural and rDNA is the same.The gene of interest or a cDNA can be introduced into the host cell with the help of a vector. This process requires the following steps:
1. The insulin gene can be isolated and amplified with the help of a polymerase chain reaction
2. The gene can be introduced into the vector with the help of physical or chemical methods.
3. This vector can be introduced into the host cell by physical or chemical means.
4. The host cells containing the insulin gene can then be selected from the entire population and cloned to make multiple copies.
5. These cells would then be able to synthesize recombinant insulin protein in a substantial quantity.
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Answer Details:
Grade: High School
Subject: Biology
Chapter: Molecular Biology
Keywords:
Gene, interest, DNA, physical, chemical, vector, process, recombinant, help, synthesize, blood, glucose, quantity.