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During the rise of capitalism in Europe, merchants and bankers began to establish (1) systems based on bartering (2) rules that forbid loans to the wealthy (3) quotas to control production (4) insurance companies and joint stock companies



Answer :

During the rise of capitalism in Europe, merchants and bankers began to establish " insurance companies and joint stock companies" which played a major role in the rise of financial firms. 
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Answer:

(4) insurance companies and joint stock companies.

Explanation:

These were some of the institutions that were established during the period of time that saw the rise of capitalism in Europe. During this time, Europe saw a transition from a mercantilist economy (one mostly focused on the trade of goods and the belief that there is a limited amount of wealth in the world) to a capitalist economy that relied on a price system and private ownership of capital. Insurance companies and joint stock companies developed as a reaction to this, and allowed the ideological move to occur more easily.