In the reaction where hydrogen chloride gas is added to water, the products formed are hydronium ions (H3O+) and chloride ions (Cl-). According to the Brønsted-Lowry and Lewis models:
1. **Brønsted-Lowry Model:** In this model, an acid is a proton (H+) donor, and a base is a proton acceptor. In the reaction of hydrogen chloride gas (HCl) with water (H2O), HCl donates a proton to water, forming hydronium ions (H3O+). Water, therefore, acts as a base by accepting the proton from HCl to form H3O+.
2. **Lewis Model:** In the Lewis model, an acid is an electron pair acceptor, and a base is an electron pair donor. Water can be described as a base in the reaction because it donates a lone pair of electrons to the proton (H+) from HCl, forming the hydronium ion (H3O+). This electron donation by water classifies it as a Lewis base in this reaction.
In summary, in the reaction between hydrogen chloride gas and water, water acts as a base according to both the Brønsted-Lowry and Lewis models because it accepts a proton (H+) from HCl to form hydronium ions (H3O+), demonstrating its ability to accept protons or donate electrons in the chemical reaction.
