Answer :
In this passage, the fundamental American value that is prevalent is "the right to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness." This value is reflected in the text through the emphasis on freedom, merit-based selection of representatives, and the idea of individual rights and opportunities.
1. The passage discusses the importance of free suffrage, where the people have the liberty to choose representatives based on merit and attractive qualities. This aligns with the concept of liberty and the right to choose individuals who represent the values and interests of the citizens.
2. The mention of unworthy candidates finding it difficult to succeed in large republics due to the free suffrage of the people reinforces the idea of ensuring that individuals have the right to choose representatives who genuinely serve their interests and promote their happiness.
3. The passage also touches upon the balance between local interests and national objectives, highlighting the significance of having a system (like the federal Constitution) that addresses both aggregate national concerns and local specificities. This balance reflects the idea of pursuing happiness on both a national and individual level.
Therefore, the fundamental American value prevalent in this passage is "the right to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness," which underscores the importance of individual freedoms, rights, and the pursuit of personal fulfillment within the context of governance and representation.